When low-frequency electrical stimulation is applied over the skin in areas where the branches of the trigeminal nerve are located, it activates the afferent nerve fibers of the trigeminal system. These electrical signals are then transmitted to the brainstem, and subsequently to higher centers including the thalamus, cingulate cortex, and motor cortex. This neural activation produces several therapeutic effects. It helps regulate the autonomic nervous system by reducing excessive sympathetic activity, thereby promoting relaxation and homeostasis. Additionally, it improves sensory-motor integration and enhances neuroplasticity by encouraging the formation of new synaptic connections. Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) also plays a role in reducing central sensitization, which is often present in chronic pain conditions, and helps modulate brain oscillations that influence attention, motor control, and cognitive function. These wide-ranging effects make TNS a valuable and effective tool in both neurological and musculoskeletal physiotherapy.